TuiNaTraditional Chinese massage and Sport Therapy Essay

TuiNaTraditional Chinese massage and Sport Therapy - Essay Example Sports research points to rigorous studies in order to determine the best forms of sports massage to maximize the benefits to the health and well being of people taking part in sports (Martin, Zoeller, Robertson, & Lephart, 1998; Jonhagen, Ackerman, Eriksson, Saartok, & Renstrom, 2004). Tui Na, a form of Traditional Chinese Medicine massage may be a viable complement to traditional sports massage used in the West. Overuse knee injury is commonly referred to as patellofemoral syndrome, to describe pain on and around the kneecap (patella). It is most commonly the result of damage to the surface underneath the kneecap, through a blow or fall, of from continuous rubbing on the bone underneath (Devan, Pescatello, Faghri, Anderson, 2004). Other names for the injury are chondramalacia patellae, patella pain syndrome or runner's knee. If the injury is not treated that it becomes a chronic condition that does not respond well to recovery methods. The pain can originate from over-tightness of the illio-tibial band (ITB), with the tendon rubbing on the knee bone. As a result the patella does not move or track correctly when the knee is bent from being outstretched (i.e., it does not move toward the inside surface of the knee) to position correctly in the intercondylar notch of the femur. The cartilage under the patella can become damaged, and the ITB inflamed. It is a common injury for runners aged 10-20 years. It is also more likely for those who have small kneecaps, or those whose feet roll in (pronate). Weak quadriceps muscles can increase likelihood of experiencing the condition. There is increased incidence among long distance running and hill running athletes, or those who have had previous knee injury. Clear Identification of TopicSports massage can help stretch the ITB, as tight knots within the tendon may be causing it to shorten. Soft tissue and deep friction massage are traditional sports massage techniques to aid in stretching the ITB, as well as myofascial releasing techniques. In contrast, Tui Na treats the whole body by working on meridians (energy channels)

Choose one of the nine titles on subject 'theories of global politics' Essay

Choose one of the nine titles on subject 'theories of global politics' - Essay Example Is the Realist Approach to International Politics Redundant? Realism, in its simplest sense, simply describes international politics as a state of anarchy, where each and every state has reason to fear other states and, for that reason, is justified in wanting to secure itself against these potential threats. It assumes that power is or ought to be the primary driver of all political action, whether at the domestic level or international (Alexander Moseley, 2005). As eminent realist thinker Thomas Hobbes (1651) put it â€Å"where an invader hath no more to fear than another man's single power, if one plant, sow, build, or possess a convenient seat, others may probably be expected to come prepared with forces united to dispossess and deprive him, not only of the fruit of his labor, but also of his life or liberty. And the invader again is in the like danger of another† (Leviathan, Ch 13). Loosely translated, Hobbes assumed that people are naturally equal, motivated by competiti on, diffidence and glory, and that they interact in the absence of government. Hobbes concluded that man, and in turn the state, was in a constant state of war. A realist is one who subscribes to the thought that it’s a ‘dog eat dog world’, that every man has the capability to harm or destroy another while competing for the same goal which only one of them can achieve and that every other man has the tendency to be evil in such a situation. From the international perspective, there is no higher power than the state, which is motivated by its national self interest, is trying to a accomplish the same thing as other states in the world i.e. ensure its survival and in the absence of an international government, a state can pursue its national interest in terms of power and that the interests of the state transcend the issues of morality and ethics. The purpose of realism is to promote the notion that power is the fundamental feature of international politics and is therefore, essential for survival. It does not necessarily mean that the most powerful state has the greatest chances of survival. However, the state with the least power is at a considerable disadvantage among its peers. Hobbes claimed that, â€Å"even the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with others† (Leviathan, Ch 13). In other words even the strongest of states is not safe while there are other states with the potential to unite or employ less overt means of warfare against it. The limited resources of the world would lead to competition between nations, the relative equality described by Hobbes would lead to fear of assault from another country, and man’s inherent vanity would ever more serve to heighten the state of tension between nations of the world. Realism does not suggest that the nations of the world would be prepared to launch a full scale war against each other at the drop of a hat. As Jac k Donnelly explains, â€Å"We can figure out the rules of coexistence and cooperation. But without a government to enforce those rules, we remain condemned to war† (Realism and International Relations, P. 15). As long as there is no superior power to constructively tap into man’

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay Abstract The study focuses the marketing strategies adopt by the TESCO and its comparison with other manufacturing, business and non-profit organizations. It also looks into linkages between the operations at these organizations and their marketing strategy. It shows that in current ever-changing and challenging market companies with different background have to adopt different marketing strategy to get the advantage over competitors. These companies and organizations have to link their operations with that marketing strategy so that they could meet with the maximum customer satisfaction. TESCO has a competitive advantage over its rivals in retail market as its adopting diverse strategies in operation as well as in marketing. TESCO is utilizing modern technology effectively. Introduction Marketing is a way to introduce your product to your targeted customers in any market. Todays business world demands every business to adopt a workable marketing strategy so that they could achieve competitive advantages over their rivals and could generate higher sales and profits successfully. There are different ways adopted by all the companies to maximize their reach in markets. This marketing strategy should be aggressive and effective. In this assignment we are going to study the approaches adopted by the TESCO which is one of leading retailer in United Kingdom. We will also study the difference of approaches adopted by TESCO comparing to the other manufacturing companies, service and non-profit organizations. The assignment will answer following four questions parted into three tasks, which are given below:- Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. The focus of this study will be to understand the concept of marketing in general with focusing on the strategy and activities adopted by the TESCO. It will also help us in understanding the differences of marketing strategies adopted by different kinds of business and organizations like manufacturing, services and non-profits. 1.1 Background Founder of TESCO Jack Cohen, has started this business when he started to sell groceries in East London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. (www.tescocorporate.com) Annual sales on Tesco touched landmark of one billion Pound in the year 1979. It exceeded to two billion Pound in the year of 1982. Same year for first time Tesco put some computerize checkouts in its stores. In the year 1985, Tesco became the first grocery retailer which started emphasizing on nutritional value of its brand products through an initiative named as Healthy Eating. In 1991 it became the biggest independent petrol retail seller in Britain. Next year it launched more new products and services which included Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco has expanded its market on year, 1988 and 1999. Tesco improved customer service through lunching Customer Champions policy in stores; it became leader in organic retailer for the UK market. Tesco went to South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. But later Tesco exited the Taiwanese market and it shifted to Czech Republic in 2005. Adopting the diversification strategy, a store under name of Tesco Homeplus was launched in 2005. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with a big investment of 150. Figure 1 shows Tesco around the world Website Tesco.com is the worlds most active online supermarket and in year 2009 the group had sales of more than  £577 million, with increase of 29% on year 2008. Tesco online widely operates with over 270 stores around the UK, covering 96% of the online retail market. Estimated more than one million households nationwide using the online service, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Anon (2004) 1.2 What is marketing? Marketing is the systematic approach of selling goods, adopted by any business and not for-profit organization with a specific message. It always attempts to raise the organization ability to generate profits, whether these are financial (profits and donations) or electoral. Tescos strategy is very clear, with the growth as target from four areas the core UK business of grocery, non-foods, international retailing services and expansion other services such as financial, the dotcom and telecommunication. 2 Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. 2.1 TESCOs Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy involves analyzing the market, and determining which product to offer and the exact what range of the customers to be suited, considerations relating to fashion, seasons ,sizing, as well as the appropriateness. Tesco decide that there will be a specific core European range of environmentally friendly products which are exported throughout the Europe, while there would be another range for local customers. However before any decisions are made about marketing strategy, a detailed market research is undertaken to test the concept of the new range, the pricing, attitudes towards Tesco, the new Alliance with partners, purchasing habits of the customers. TESCO adopts campaigns for marketing the business, such a campaign would consisting of TV and radio advertising at regular intervals. Advertisements in news papers and magazines. The alliance partner making press releases and sharing about their ventures on their national and regional media benefits Tesco. Company benefits in creating thousands of new jobs. The introduction of an environmentally friendly of products. Billboard campaigns. Internet advertisement. Direct marketing to known customers (Club cards) Tesco has a successful history since years of its start. Today, Tesco Plc is a successful retailer in the United Kingdom. Tesco has put some series of practical marketing strategies. According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Ansoff, I. (1989), by applying these different strategies, Tesco successfully got its competitive advantages over it other rivals. In the UK, the groceries market has been among the major businesses. Now Tesco is also securing the large market shares in this ever-changing global retailer market. Figure 2 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful. 2.2 Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. TESCO has a very successful business history on its record, today it is most successful retailer in the United Kingdom. The position of Tesco among other rivals in UK shows that company successfully applied its designed marketing strategies. As a growing retailer, TESCO could easily take over from its other rivals and could be on a distinctive advantage over the top hundred profitable businesses in UK. Tesco has applied some series of experiential marketing ways. Market incursion, Product improvement, Market progress and Diversification are the strategies through Tesco have put influence and it is remaining on top in the market. By applying effective strategies, Tesco has successfully got its competitive advantage among other retailers. 2.2.1 Market Penetration strategy In order to achieve success, Tesco has a three way strategy. First, Tesco always takes customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Morison and Somerfield, etc. Second, by providing the quality product and higher level of services, Tesco could attract and keep more customers, where these Tescos customers feel that Tesco is the best service provider. This situation makes the distinction among Tesco and other competitors. Third, attracting to more non-users of products and services to some business, by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing strategies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. (Lynch, 2003). For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) Tesco is accessing to the lowest cost materials for supply and efficient production to influence the retail market. By recognition of low cost supplier, it is a privilege for Tesco to offer goods and services to its customers benefitting at cheaper prices in the town. Tesco Having good experience of dealing with larger size and diversity of the customers and customers satisfaction that is necessary for Tesco as a retailer to retain it in the market. TESCO successfully has created its Brand loyalty. Tesco operates as Internet system provider (ISP), its now in mobile phone and home phone business, and Volp businesses. Tesco in joint venture with O2 could build up diversification in telecommunication and it could increase it businesses in voice over internet with Freshtel Australia. It developing a success slogan of The right message To the right audience At the right time 2.2.2 Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs for example Tesco Clubcard are available through information technology advances that discourage the customers from switching over to their rivals. Tesco also has introduced a Greener Living Scheme to give consumers guidance on environmental issues, like how to reduce food waste and food carbon marks when one is preparing meals. 2.2.3 Services Tesco has been adopting a dual policy of cost leadership and diversification, which led to importance placed over the customer service.   Drawing upon this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i.e., Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided. (Keynote (2010), 3 Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. 3.1 Place of Information system and Technologies Information system is modern day business tool which helps businesses to communicate internally and externally with effectiveness. It also includes the use of current advanced technologies. Any business which gets starts these days required to adopt proper and effective information systems that connects not only the all internal parts of business but connects business with its markets. The use of new technologies gives a company advantage over its rivals. The main question always remains for managers how they effectively utilize existing information systems and technologies. According to its website, Tesco maintains business relationships with approximately 2,000 own-brand primary suppliers from less than a hundred countries. (www.tescocorporate.com)The current achievement of Tesco could be supportive of their claim that Tesco logistics management strategy always helps to gain its competitive advantage. Tesco respects to the UK Governments statutory Supplier Code of Practice, and it holds strict execution on moral trading and commercial policies, and other conducts of ethical trading like training to all commercial staff. Superior effectiveness of the computer-controlled logistics schemes is seen in Tesco (Fernie and McKinnon 2003). its e-tailing is a key marketing and sales activity, placing grocery order over the website that operate in highly automated central warehouses and automated logistics is more competent as to judge against with other groceries in the market. Tesco looking for strengthen its relationship with suppliers and to increase market share based on the characteristics of services (e.g., intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity, and perish ability). (Thompson and Strickland 2003) Various Marketing and Communication Means Adopted by TESCO to build this relationship more effective and profit based. These means included following methods of communication:- Mail Television Radio/Digital Radio Website   Email Telephone On floors at stores TESCO effectively get benefits from modern technology from security purposes like alarm systems, mechanical doors, self scanning machines for customers (which saves their time from being into large lines for payments) towards other advanced like CCTV. There is swift transporting system within stores to supply from warehouse at store. In a swiftly shifting business environment with high pressure from its competitors Tesco have adopted new expansion strategies and diversified the present order to sustain its market position as leader in retailing market. In light of the above analysis, it can easily be concluded that Tesco is holding its leadership position successfully within the highly unstable retail market, where all companies are required to follow both cost leadership and diversification strategies. Tesco successfully has been able to realize both with the help of a lean and agile supply chain management, effective marketing strategy along with the better use of information technology and new developed systems. 4 Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. 4.1 linkages between marketing and operations In organizations and businesses, when a new manager starts its business plan or operational plan for the first time he wonders about: What is the real aim? What am I going to achieve? What is my marketing strategy? He can answer all these questions according to the nature of company or organization. He focuses the aims and targets through a working plan and supports that plan with an effective workable marking strategy that makes the organization or company very prominent in the market.The main objective of marketing is to bring development in the business or services and to get the attention of beneficiaries or consumers. Various businesses and organizations adopt different marketing techniques according to their needs. For example if we see a tight linkage between marketing and manufacturing it tells that a manufacturing company always looks for the value-added opportunities. It ensures with the aim of the right manufacturing capabilities are existing to meet up the requirements of customers. It also focuses that near- and long-term demands has been put in to the formation of manufacturing plans, inventory strategies and material handlings. Essentially manufacturing strategy should be aligned with marketing strategy. It should be developed in manner that improves the viable capability of the organization. In addition simple inter-functional co-ordination, manufacturing and marketing strategy decisions must be united and linked to the company strategy. In their empirical study of new firms, conclude that the synergy between marketing and manufacturing strategy decisions is more closely related to business success than either marketing or manufacturing decisions alone. In businesses or non-profit organizations share holder progress is not the main purpose, return on investment is less of an adding resource in business planning, however a vital necessity. Here return on investment is not primary motive of the business. Instead the main motive of enterprise may be some other purpose. Thus, the main difference between marketing products or services is that there is much more personal contact required when marketing a service as compared with marketing products. Marketing services may require meeting the customer in a face-to-face basis, or it may mean contacting prospective customers over the telephone. For all those firms which always emphasize product qualities those are not taking serious about the significant correlations with the marketing strategy. While firms which emphasized cutback in costs, they always focus on improving the sales. Firms which put greater emphasis on the product design effort those emphasize three marketing strategy factors: a change in the product line improves sales effort, and helps in new market development. This relationship seems rational, as the focus on product design and its development will lead to opportunity in new markets or for new customers. All those activities which affect the flow of goods and services from producers or service deliverer to the users or consumers are part of marketing. While in advanced industrial economies like UK, marketing strategies play a main role in formatting corporate policy. Once concerned with rising sales through marketing and other promotional techniques, corporate or organization marketing departments these days focus on product development, credit policies, distribution, customer support, and internal communications. Different organizations or business adopt different methods for marketing and connect the marketing and operations to maximise their output. The aim is same to get maximum attention from customers or beneficiaries. 5 Conclusion There are more than six billion humans who are living in this global market which is always inviting business and organizations to sell their product, services or make them benefited from some social and developmental work. It is estimated that there are 900 million PCs worldwide. 44% of UK adults use SMS text messaging on a daily basis, compared with 36% who use the Internet. 63% of Americans are not willing to lend their phone and there are 1.3 billion Internet users, 1.5 billion TV households, 3.3 billion mobile subscribers, Average time to report a lost wallet 26 hours and average time to report a lost mobile, 68 minutes. That shows the competition and challenges for companies to adopt workable marketing strategy for companies and organizations. Tesco is quite able to recognize technological changes and infrastructure particularly on its e-tailing business. Aside from Tescos use of internet as major technological infrastructure, changes are to be anticipated or the management should be able to deal with the rapid changes in technologies. Tesco is required to improve technological infrastructures through innovations to increase efficiency as well as quality of the products and services. All in all, Tescos senior executives who think about how to establish and sustain competitive advantage using logistics strategy should consider how to tailor their own logistics. To do so, they will need a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of good logistics as well as exploring new logistics capabilities. A strategic model to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. In USA Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market.

The Theme of Friendship in Julius Caeser :: Julius Caesar Essays

The Theme of Friendship in Julius Caeser Throughout, William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, the theme of friendship would prove to be a very delicate and manipulative element. This element would be the very entity that would seal Julius Caesar's fate. Brutus, Decius, and all the other conspirators would use this to their power, and to Julius's weakness. Friendship was used as a cover to blind Julius from the truth, from the plots against him. Flattery along with manipulation was used as a way of persuasion to soothe any feelings of doubt or weariness. These essentials would gain trust, the key to all friendships. This trust would be lost and transform into betrayal. Even though Caesar was plotted against and murdered by the likes of Brutus and Cassius, friendship still proved a strong theme because it would cloke the conspirators intentions. Julius was vulnerable to the power of friendship and was blinded by the shrewd ways of Decius, Brutus, and all the other conspirators. Decius uses flattery and persuasion to form a strong union with Caesar. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators, so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar." Decius would also refer to Caesar as "most mighty". This would only make Caesar grow comfortable with Decius. Julius had lost all feelings of doubt and did not presume any caste of dire plot against him. Decius would deceive Julius into thinking that they had a resilient friendship by using his devious words. Caesar was not able to foresee his true faithful friends, such as Antony. He would grieve the killing of Julius and try to justify his murder by killing Brutus and Cassius. Antony was one of Julius's true and trustworthy friends. The conspirators had planned the death of Julius. Brutus and Cassius, along with Decius, knew they had draw in to Caesar close. Proving Caesar that they had a firm friendship, that would solidify their situation and leave Julius completely sightless to his doomed fate. Caesar's wife Calphurnia would have a dream. She would see Caesar's statue run with blood and men with swords surrounding him. The Theme of Friendship in Julius Caeser :: Julius Caesar Essays The Theme of Friendship in Julius Caeser Throughout, William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, the theme of friendship would prove to be a very delicate and manipulative element. This element would be the very entity that would seal Julius Caesar's fate. Brutus, Decius, and all the other conspirators would use this to their power, and to Julius's weakness. Friendship was used as a cover to blind Julius from the truth, from the plots against him. Flattery along with manipulation was used as a way of persuasion to soothe any feelings of doubt or weariness. These essentials would gain trust, the key to all friendships. This trust would be lost and transform into betrayal. Even though Caesar was plotted against and murdered by the likes of Brutus and Cassius, friendship still proved a strong theme because it would cloke the conspirators intentions. Julius was vulnerable to the power of friendship and was blinded by the shrewd ways of Decius, Brutus, and all the other conspirators. Decius uses flattery and persuasion to form a strong union with Caesar. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators, so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar." Decius would also refer to Caesar as "most mighty". This would only make Caesar grow comfortable with Decius. Julius had lost all feelings of doubt and did not presume any caste of dire plot against him. Decius would deceive Julius into thinking that they had a resilient friendship by using his devious words. Caesar was not able to foresee his true faithful friends, such as Antony. He would grieve the killing of Julius and try to justify his murder by killing Brutus and Cassius. Antony was one of Julius's true and trustworthy friends. The conspirators had planned the death of Julius. Brutus and Cassius, along with Decius, knew they had draw in to Caesar close. Proving Caesar that they had a firm friendship, that would solidify their situation and leave Julius completely sightless to his doomed fate. Caesar's wife Calphurnia would have a dream. She would see Caesar's statue run with blood and men with swords surrounding him.

Suez Crisis

Do you agree with the view that the Suez Crisis of 1956-57 did no damage to the fortunes of the Conservative party? The Suez Crisis which was aided by the French and Israelis wasn’t just a disaster for the Conservative party but Britain as a whole as it created lots of problems and tension internationally especially with the USA. To a certain extent the Conservative party did take some damage although the sources point out some other arguments which suggest it wasn’t just them who suffered. Source 5 & 6 both support the view that the Conservatives took no damage during the crisis.Lee states, ‘There was no internal split in the Conservative party’. Kilmuir agrees with this, and goes onto talk about, ‘Our most lost party workers, although dismayed by our handling of the situation were consumed with the hatred of the Labour party. ’ Which means even though they were going through a tough situation the Conservatives kept a strong front and were all in it together against Labour; even the media gave publicity in which spread the disgust to the public about the Labour party.Overall it shows Labour actually had it worse off; they weren’t popular with the public at the time, this later shows at the 1959 general election as Macmillan takes a victory for the Conservatives. On the other hand, Kilmuir was a member of the Conservatives at the time and he might have wanted to give the public the idea that the situation wasn’t as bad as it seemed as his party just caused a major international tensions with our allies.Although he does admit that, ‘Even the most hostile critics of the Conservative party’ had their doubtful moments in the party giving the idea that the party had nothing to hide and that its members knew there would be some slight internal tensions. Opposing the statement, in Source 4, Rowe tells us that after the Suez Crisis, ‘†¦there as a sharp economic crisis’ and that, Ã¢â‚¬Ë œPolitically, Eden was finished. ’. This was true about the economy as there was a international run on sterling, which threatened Britain with economic collapse with no hope of the USA willing to bale Britain out.There were further large withdrawals of deposits by international investors which lead to a major fall in Britain’s currency reserves. This of course damaged the Conservatives greatly as Britain was still trying to recover economically from WWII and this crisis set Britain back about 4 years economically according to an account from Gaitskell; being from the Labour party he may of exaggerated some of these numbers as he produced no evidence of his findings. It also did finish Eden apparently; as he was removed from the party but in Source 5 it says it was because of ‘ill health’ not because of the Crisis itself.People expected R. A. Butler to take over but as he wasn’t much help during the crisis when he took over from Eden. It was actuall y Macmillan who took control of the Conservatives. Showing the Conservatives they had to change their party structure because they had been damaged by leading Britain into this crisis. Overall, to a certain extent I disagree with the statement because I think that Eden was damaged significantly by the Suez Crisis as he lead Britain into some economic problems which left him politically finished.However, to a larger extent I agree with the statement that it did no damage to the fortunes of the Conservative party even though it had some short term damage at the beginning for example, Eden was removed and they had to shuffle the party leadership, Macmillan then saved the party and won the later 1959 General election with the increasing of public consumption resulting in a period of affluence whilst Labour was left in the gutter constantly in internal party feuds leaving the Conservatives victorious and prosperous.

Contribute to Children and Young People’s Health and Safety Essay

Outline the health and safety policies and procedures of the work setting. Policies and procedures are in place to help protect children and adults within the setting. In the UK early year’s settings must comply with the statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation stage (EYFS). This covers all aspects of the welfare of children in early year’s settings. These include: Safeguarding – Having up to date policies which are available to parents and carers Suitable people – Making sure everyone is suitable to work with children (skills, training, knowledge and qualifications) Suitable premises and equipment – making sure there is indoor and outdoor space and all equipment is fit for purpose. Documentation – Maintaining records about the children, staff / provider, premises, risk assessments and OFSTED registration. Record of policies and procedures. Read more: Explain how health and safety is monitored and maintained essay Settings must also comply with legislations which set out the legal requirements which also help keep everyone in the setting safe in all different situations they may face. Here are some examples of the main legislations relevant to childcare settings: Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Kitemarking CE product safety marking (product safety markings) Motor Vehicles (wearing of seatbelts)(Amendment ) Regulation 2006 COSHH Regulation 2002 (Labeling of hazardous substances) Reporting of injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 1995 Childcare Act 2006 , Regulation of care (Scotland) and National Care Standards Smoking ban Food hygiene 2006 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Identify the lines of responsibility and reporting for health and safety in the work setting Within settings, designated people will be responsible for different areas. The ultimate responsibility lies with the manager. Other people within the setting will be in charge other things such as the day to day running , implementation of its policy and practices and specific areas or rooms. A poster showing staff names and their responsibilities will be displayed in the setting on. Everyone has a responsibility to promote safe working practices and maintain a healthy, safe and secure workplace. Policies and procedures along with regulations will ensure people within the setting do this. Within the setting staff will be aware of the person they should report any concerns they have to regarding any health and safety issues. Staff will record any significant information such as medication, incidents or accidents. 1.3 Explain what risk assessment is and how this is managed in the work setting A risk assessment identifies potential risks which could cause harm. Within a setting it would be impossible to prevent every single minor incident however care must be taken to ensure the children within a setting are protected. It is possible to prevent or control most risks. A risk assessment must be taken into consideration for each particular activity or situation and will look at the possible harm or hazard to people or an organization. Settings will implement risk assessments procedures as part of day to day routine. They must ensure proper checks are made. These include checking indoor and outdoor space, materials and equipment. Any trips or outings would also be assessed. They will take note of any hazards. Significant  hazards must be dealt with taking into consideration the number of people who could be involved. Risk assessments take into consideration things which may seem harmless or go unnoticed. Risk assessments look at all different areas of the setting from the equipment within the rooms to the security of the building. For some activities risk assessment may not be necessary each time as they carry low level risk which is unlikely to change however they would still be assessed on a regular basis, such as weekly. If a trip is made outside the setting this must be risk assessed in advance. Within the setting the manager and staff must know who is responsible for carrying out the risk assessments and who is responsible for different areas. They must also understand how the risks assessments will be displayed and how they will be implemented. Outcome 2 be able to recognise risk and hazards in the work setting and during off site visits 2.1. Explain why a safe but challenging environment is important for children and young people It is important for children and young people develop through exploring and trying new experiences. They learn their own limits and must be allowed to push their own level of skill. However they must be supported to ensure this is done in a safe positive environment. Children, unlike adults, have not yet developed the skills and judgment to always make the safe decisions. It is the staff’s responsibility to judge what is safe based on the child’s age and ability. For example a one year old child would not be safe to attempt going down a flight of stairs even though they may try to do so. There will always be a risk however at some point the child must be challenged and learn to walk down the stairs when it is appropriate to the child’s age and ability. If they are not challenged they will grow into an adult who lacked everyday skills and activities. 2.2. Identify the differences between risk and hazard A hazard is described as something which has potential to cause harm and a risk is the likely impact of the hazard associated with the activity. For example a bottle of Milton cleaner is kept in a cupboard within a room at nursery could be a risk; the hazard is that a child could take the cleaner and drink it, however the risk is unlikely to cause harm because the sink cupboard has child safety locks on them. The risk is controlled and a child would not be able to access the cupboard 2.3. Identify potential hazards to the health, safety and security of children or young people in the work setting Every activity and setting carries risk due to hazards. To ensure the children enjoy the full value of the setting or activity hazards and risks should be identified and reduced or eliminated if necessary. The health, security and security of the children or young people are dependent on the actions carried out to minimize the risk of the hazard within setting or off site. In many settings they will have a person who is appointed to deal with health and safety legislation and policies and procedures. Here is a table showing the different types of potential hazards and examples: Outcome 3 Know what to do in the event of a non medical incident or emergency 3.1. Identify non medical incidents and emergencies that may occur in the work setting There are lots of non-medical incidents and non medical emergencies that happen within the setting. Here are some examples: Fire Flood Missing person Unauthorised person in building Water / electric cut Power and heating failure Bomb threat Hazardous spillage Gas leak 3.2. Outline the actions to take in response to the following situations: (a) fires (b) Security incidents (c) emergency incidents Within settings they will have procedures in place to deal with emergency situations. Settings will have drills and practices and everyone will be aware of procedures to follow. Fires Close doors and windows and get the children out of the premises by nearest exit Get the registers / signing in sheets Do not leave children unattended Do not stop to put the fire out Call the fire brigade as soon as possible on 999 Give the operator your telephone number and ask for the fire service Clearly state there is a fire and give the address you are at. Ensure the operator repeats the address The manager will check the building to make sure everyone is out Check registers / signing in sheets to ensure everyone is accounted for Do not enter until it has been confirmed as safe. Security incidents Settings should never have an unknown or unauthorised person within the premises. Logs will be kept for signing in or out of the building and most settings will have secure entrance which requires a code or card to enter. If a person is seen in the building that is unknown they should be asked for identification. If they cannot provide this the manager should be informed. A member of staff should stay with the unauthorised person until the manager comes. Emergency incidents All staff will be aware of procedures for emergencies. Warning signals may need to be triggered immediately, before advising others of the incident. The manager or person in charge should be informed and local services (E.g. Police) contacted if necessary. If needed bring the first aid kit. Contact anyone who will need to be informed e.g. parents. During any emergency everyone should stay calm. Logs should be made of any emergency incidents. Outcome 4 Know what to do in the event of a child or young person becoming ill or injured 4.1 Identify the sign and symptoms which may indicate that a child or young person is injured or unwell SIGNS are changes which can be seen which may suggest illness and diseases†¨SYMPTOMS changes in the body such as feeling sick or having headache Children will normally let you know when they are unwell. They may behave differently or tell you their symptoms such as they feel sick or have pain. They may show obvious signs they are unwell such as vomiting, looking pale or having red cheeks Younger children and babies may not be able to tell you they are unwell. Common signs and symptoms of illness / injury are: †¢ Fever †¢ Loss of appetite †¢ Diarrhea †¢ Vomiting †¢ Constant crying / cries differently †¢ Floppiness / lack of energy †¢ Dry nappies †¢ Seizures. †¢ Breathing difficulties †¢ Cuts / bruises †¢ swelling †¢ Redness / blotchy areas †¢ Rash 4.2. Identify circumstances when children or young people may need urgent medical attention Urgent medical attention should be sought for the following: Difficulty breathing Asthma Attack when inhaler has not worked Floppy / unresponsive child Unconscious child Child is unable to swallow Lips or skin changed colour to grey blue or purple Fits Wounds that will not stop breathing Burns or scalds If after a head injury the child shows confusion / wobbling, headache, vomiting and sight problems Suspicion that a child has meningitis Severe pain Dehydration or lethargic Vomiting blood Frostbite signs Heat exhaustion Consuming poison Raised lumps accompanied by swelling of the mouth or noes Severe vomiting or diarrhea Very high temperature A deep cut which needs stiches or glue Severe bruising Animal bites which break the skin Bites or stings with swelling which make the child ill 4.3. Outline own role and responsibilities in the event of a child or young person requiring urgent medical attention As a member of staff who is training, my main responsibility is to inform a qualified member of staff who would know what to do in an emergency. I would ensure I assisted in any way such as calling for the emergency services or bringing the first aid kit. I would also help reassure any other children in the area. A qualified member of staff is able to confidently carry out any actions required and prevent the effects of the injury or illness becoming worse. If I was alone with a child and unable to get anyone I would stay calm and follow the actions below: Assess the situation – is it safe, who is involved and see what has happened Check the child is breathing – if not take action Ensure any other children in the area are ok Find out what is wrong – call ambulance if necessary Provide immediate first aid Notify parents / carers Talk to the child / children after the incident Outcome 5 Be able to follow the work setting procedures for reporting and recording accidents, incidents, emergencies and illnesses 5.1. Describe the reporting procedures for accidents, incidents, emergencies and illnesses All settings will have their own procedures for recording and reporting incidents, accidents, emergencies and illnesses. Accidents or illnesses If a child is seriously injured, the Health and Safety Executive must be informed. Ofsted define serious injuries as: †¢ Broken bones or a fracture †¢ Loss of consciousness †¢ Pain that is not relieved by simple pain killers †¢ Acute confused state †¢ Persistent, severe chest pain or breathing difficulties †¢ Amputation †¢ Dislocation of any major joint including the shoulder, hip, knee, elbow or spine †¢ Loss of sight (temporary or permanent) †¢ Chemical or hot metal burn to the eye or any penetrating injury to the eye †¢Injury resulting from an electric shock or electrical burn leading to unconsciousness, or requiring resuscitation; or requiring admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours †¢ Any other injury leading to hypothermia, heat induced illness or unconsciousness; or requiring resuscitation; or requiring admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours †¢ Unconsciousness caused by asphyxia or exposure to harmful substances or biological agent †¢ Medical treatment, or loss of consciousness arising from absorbtion of any substance by inhalation, ingestion or through the skin †¢ Medical treatment where there is a reason to believe that this resulted from exposure to a biological agent, or its toxins, or infected material Settings must tell Ofsted and child protection agencies about any serious accidents, injuries, illnesses or death of an adult or child on the premises. The EYFS states: Providers must notify Ofsted and Local Children’s Protection Agencies of any serious accident or injury to, or serious illness of, or the death of, any child whilst in their care, and act on any advice given. An early year’s provider, who, without any reasonable excuse, fails to comply with this requirement, commits an offence Reporting incidents Settings will keep a signed record of all incidents or accidents to the children. The manager will describe which incidents will be recorded. Settings should always include recording for bullying, fighting and any security incidents. The details should be clear and include as much information as possible. This should include details of people involved, people who witnessed it and details of what happened. Outcome 6 be able to follow infection control procedures 6.1. Outline procedures for infection control in own work setting Within the nursery setting we follow rules and advice aimed at preventing the spread of disease and infection. Hand washing and sanitizing is the most important procedure we follow. Both children and staff are encouraged to wash their hands often. Hands are always washed after using the toilet or changing a nappy, before handling or eating food, after messy play or playing outdoors. Soap dispensers, warm water and paper towels are available in all of the rooms. Soap dispensers are used rather than bars of soap as bars of soaps are likely to spread germs. Diagrams showing hand washing procedures are up next to the sink in the staff toilet. Hand sanitizing stations are on the walls at the entrance and in the rooms of the nursery. When changing nappies, staff wears disposable aprons and gloves. After the child has been changed the changing mat is disinfected and wiped down. Dirty nappies are placed in a nappy bag and into a nappy disposal bin which have clinical waste bags in. The bins are emptied at the end of every day and the bags are taken to a secure locked area outside building to await collection. The nursery follows strict rules for food hygiene. For younger children, bottles are sterilized and formula milk is made fresh for each feed. Any  leftover milk at the end of the feed is thrown away. The formula is made up with fresh boiled tap water and cooled in a jug of cold water. The children’s dinner is made on site by another area of the college. The food is transported in a sealed container and taken to the kitchen in the nursery. Whilst food is being served / eaten, staff wear disposable aprons and hair nets. After lunch has been served and eaten the tables are disinfected and the floors are swept and mopped. If anyone in the nursery has sickness or diarrhea, they are not allowed to return to the setting until they have been free from the symptoms for 48 hours. Parents/guardians are advised if there are known cases of infection for example foot and mouth. All the children have their own cups and dummies which are washed regularly to prevent any illness spreading. Th e nursery has cleaners who come in every evening and clean the whole nursery. During the day staff clean as they go and have cleaning Rota’s in place Toys and play areas are cleaned regularly. Spillage packs are also available for vomit / blood / urine etc. The nursery also has laundry facilities for things like blankets, face clothes and bedding. 6.2 Describe personal protective clothing that is used to prevent spread of infection Personal protective clothing includes disposable gloves, masks and single-use disposable plastic aprons. Personal protective clothing is used when coming into contact with body fluids. For example when changing a nappy, cleaning up vomit or dealing with blood. The protective clothing provides physical barriers that prevent potentially infectious materials coming the skin, mouth, nose, or eyes. This can prevent the spread of infection from person to person. Outcome 7 Know the work setting’s procedures for receiving, storing and administering medicines 7.1 Identify the procedures of the work setting governing the receipt, storage and administration of medicines Settings have clear guidelines for receiving, storing and administration of medicine. When receiving medication parents must give written permission and inform staff of any medicine already given to the child. The parents must also be informed of any medicine which has been administered. The settings will implement policies which include: †¢What medication they will administrate – E.g. only prescribed or needed on a regular basis †¢Procedures for who will administer medication – all staff or only the manager †¢Storage of medicine – safe, appropriate place out of reach of children †¢Recording administration of the medication – time needed, time given etc. †¢Training for staff (including specialist training for medical need) †¢Action to take if a child becomes ill or has a long standing condition 7. 2 Explain how the procedures of the work setting protect both children and young people and practitioners. Procedures within the work setting protect children, young people and practitioners. Procedures ensure everyone is aware of the process which must be followed for example how to correctly receive, store and administer medicine. Giving medicine must be given correctly because if it not it could result in taking too much medicine or something the child is allergic to. This could be harmful towards the child. Procedures make sure it is clear for everyone who needs to be aware of allergies and medications. Communication with parents to ensure dosage and times for medicines are known and documented. All staff must follow the strict policies to protect themselves against allegation or incorrectly administering. If procedures are not followed staff may face dismissal, especially if a child ends up very ill.